![]() ![]() The conflation's residue is confusion: to isolate, todisempower, and oppress. I am not European, though I have dreamt of those cities.Europe lives in me but I have no home there.'Īs the poem above illustrates, the Latino/a2 identity in theUnited States consists of multiple national and racial identities,which are often conflated or fused, but nevertheless essential partsof the whole. I am not African.African waters the roots of my tree, but I cannot return.I am not Taina.I am a late leaf of that ancient treeand my roots reach into the soil of two Americas.Taino is in me, but there is no way back. Critical Race Theory and Diversity: "Talking Across CRITICAL RACE THEORY AND LATINOS: PERSPECTIVES AND NEWĭ IRECTIO N S. Formalized Conflation: The "Hispanic Label". Latinos in the "White/Black" Racial Paradigm. Latinos as the Foreign Other: Exclusion From theIm aginary N ation. The Conflation in Society: Lessons and Beyond. THE AFTERMATH: THE LEGACY OF THE CONFLATION IN LAWĪND SOCIETY. ![]() The Conflation, Bilingual Education and Language Rights. The Conflation, Title VII and "National Origin. ![]() Marginalized by the Intersection of Ethnicity and Race. Perpetuating the Construction of Race Throughīlack/W hite Paradigm. The Conflation and the Court's Construction of Race. The Conflation, the Equal Protection Clause and"National Origin": Language as a Surrogate for Race. "National Origin" and the Equal Protection Clause. Judicial Constructions of Race and Nationality. THE CONFLATION IN CONTEMPORARY JURISPRUDENCE. The Censuses: 1940, 1950, 19: Conflationīy A nother R ace. California's "Mexican Fact Finding Committee. Los Angeles County Health Department Statistics. Examples of Conflation in the Early Twentieth Century. The Conflation in the Twentieth Century: Formal Confusion ![]() "Boricuas" and Natives: Images of Puerto Ricans. Finally, I thank myresearch assistants, Aimee Caso, Bethany Caracuzzo, Rick Hartman, Kelly Langford andDale Montpelier the librarians at California Western, Jane Petitmermet, Linda Weath-ers, and Bill Bookheim my secretary, Mary-Ellen Norvell and photocopying specialistVicky Pfeffer, all whom have been indispensable to this Article.Ģ. In addition, I owe special thanksto Stephen Glasser for his encouragement, support, and suggestions. I am particularly grateful to my colleagues Robert Chang and Frank Valdes fortalking through the inception of this Article with me. I am indebted to thosewho undertook the vast and unpromising task of commenting on earlier drafts of thisArticle. I received more encouragement and assistance in the preparationand completion of this Article than I could possibly acknowledge. This Article isdedicated to my family, who has given me love and encouragement every step of theway, and to all Latinos/as, who have given me inspiration and motivation to researchand write on this topic. with Highest Honors, Rutgers College 1981. T Associate Professor of Law, California Western School of Law. "Good Women," "Bad Women": The Californianas. Californianos/as: The Mexicans of California. From Natives to "Cholos," "Greasers" and MustachioedBanditos: Early Portrayals of Mexican-Americans. The Conflation in the Nineteenth Century: The Roots ofConstructed Hispanic Homogenization. DE-CONFLATING RACE AND NATIONALITY INU NITED STATES SOCIETY. The Conflation: Concepts and Definitions. The Conflation Institutionalized: The Sums of All Parts. Cuban-Americans: Last to Come, Most to Gain. Mexican-Americans: The Native Sonsand D aughters. Los Confundidos: Who are We? (Qui6n Somos?). Latinos: Dispelling the Legacy of Homogenization. LOS CONFUNDIDOS: DE-CONFLATINGLATINOS/AS' RACE AND ETHNICITY ![]()
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